even i support tis judgment and put my hands together.
ALL R 1
v youth r ta building stones of our society.so,v have 2 respect ta judgment.
"2DAYS YOUTH R NEXT DAY CITIZENS"
but i personally believe tat............,,,,
"2DAYS YOUTH R 2DAYS CITIZENS &2DAY TEENS R 2MARROWS CITIZENS(YOUTH)"
i promise it , believe in it & live in it!!!..
how many of u agree wit me????????
post ur comments and express ur opinions
Thursday, September 30, 2010
Wednesday, September 15, 2010
CLOUD COMPUTING
Cloud Computing vs Grid Computing
2009-2010 has been the year for new computing technology i.e Cloud Computing, as was the year 2007-2008 for SaaS-(Software as a Servic
So for those who wanna know here's a brief overview:
So for those who wanna know here's a brief overview:
Cloud computing is based on the principle of letting others do the work for
you, technically it means running all your Apps, documents & data from a third party
server.Now, the question that people may ask is that, this have been done from long
time & is nothing new, we have been using Apps from the net & storing our data
online, So whats NEW?Well the ans is, that cloud computing not only stores our data
online & provides us with Apps, but it also does the processing for us. The online
apps that we used before, used local processing upto some extend, But a cloud
provides its own processing.
Now, from individual point of view this may not be of much significance, But for Large
Organizations, which have huge data networks, Cloud is a boon, in a way that it
saves them with the hassles of maintainence, s/w & h/w update & other hardware
costs(as it doesnt rely on Host h/w or s/w), plus it saves time of the IT folks &
helps them to deal with WHAT then to think about HOW.
Many may have concerns with security related issues that cloud computing may pose, bcoz for Corporations it amasses to huge amount of confidential & important
data &it can be said that a Cloud is as safe as your email or any online account.
Many companies Like IBM, MICROSOFT & GOOGLE provide cloud based services.
Many companies Like IBM, MICROSOFT & GOOGLE provide cloud based services.
There have been a lot of buzz of different possibilities & different experiments with
cloud platform, for example European Union is carrying out research studies on
the possibility of providing Cloud based Gaming & other ON-DEMAND services.
GridComputing on the other hand is something exact opposite, cloud does
GridComputing on the other hand is something exact opposite, cloud does
the processing for you, Grid needs processing from you. Grid computing has mostly
used by scientific &research based Organizations & Universities round the world.
Its based on the CLIENT-SERVER model. In a Grid there are
Its based on the CLIENT-SERVER model. In a Grid there are
several thousand (may be more) computers connected as nodes to a central
server(maybe more than one server).
The processing of data such as scientific analysis or Disease based research, is
divided & distributed over the nodes. The node provides the processing power, while
the server just distributes, assimilates & administers the process.
A single Grid can provide computing power Equivalent to a SUPER Computer, For
A single Grid can provide computing power Equivalent to a SUPER Computer, For
example THE WORLD COMMUNITY GRID, which researches on cures for Diseases
such as Cancer, Aids etc has 475,000 registered user & Computing power equal to
approx 3.3 teraflops.Concept of Grid Computing has also been used in the
underground world for stealing data & spreading malware, The Zeus Botnet, The
Torpig Botnet are similar to concepts of grid computing, though not entirely similar.
Wednesday, September 8, 2010
IEEE format rules 4 ppts
FORMAT FOR FULL LENGTH PAPER
Author Guidelines for 8.5x11-inch Proceedings Manuscripts
Author(s) Name(s)
Author Affiliation(s)
E-mail
Abstract
The abstract is to be in fully-justified italicized text, at the top of the left-hand column as it is here, below the author information. Use the word “Abstract” as the title, in 12-point Times, boldface type, centered relative to the column, initially capitalized. The abstract is to be in 10-point, single-spaced type, and may be up to 3 in. (7.62 cm) long. Leave two blank lines after the abstract, then begin the main text. All manuscripts must be in English.
1. Introduction
These guidelines include complete descriptions of the fonts, spacing, and related information for producing your proceedings manuscripts. Please follow them.
2. Formatting your paper
All printed material, including text, illustrations, and charts, must be kept within a print area of 6-7/8 inches (17.5 cm) wide by 8-7/8 inches (22.54 cm) high. Do not write or print anything outside the print area. All text must be in a two-column format. Columns are to be 3-1/4 inches (8.25 cm) wide, with a 5/16 inch (0.8 cm) space between them. Text must be fully justified.
A format sheet with the margins and placement guides is available in Word as. It contains lines and boxes showing the margins and print areas. If you hold it and your printed page up to the light, you can easily check your margins to see if your print area fits within the space allowed.
3. Main title
The main title (on the first page) should begin 1-3/8 inches (3.49 cm) from the top edge of the page, centered, and in Times 14-point, boldface type. Capitalize the first letter of nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs; do not capitalize articles, coordinate conjunctions, or prepositions (unless the title begins with such a word). Leave two blank lines after the title.
4. Author name(s) and affiliation(s)
Author names and affiliations are to be centered beneath the title and printed in Times 12-point, non-boldface type. Multiple authors may be shown in a two- or three-column format, with their affiliations below their respective names. Affiliations are centered below each author name, italicized, not bold. Include e-mail addresses if possible. Follow the author information by two blank lines before main text.
5. Second and following pages
The second and following pages should begin 1.0 inch (2.54 cm) from the top edge. On all pages, the bottom margin should be 1-1/8 inches (2.86 cm) from the bottom edge of the page for 8.5 x 11-inch paper; for A4 paper, approximately 1-5/8 inches (4.13 cm) from the bottom edge of the page.
6. Type-style and fonts
Wherever Times is specified, Times Roman, or New Times Roman may be used. If neither is available on your word processor, please use the font closest in appearance to Times that you have access to. Please avoid using bit-mapped fonts if possible. True-Type 1 fonts are preferred.
7. Main text
Type your main text in 10-point Times, single-spaced. Do not use double-spacing. All paragraphs should be indented 1 pica (approximately 1/6- or 0.17-inch or 0.422 cm). Be sure your text is fully justified—that is, flush left and flush right. Please do not place any additional blank lines between paragraphs.
Figure and table captions should be 10-point Helvetica (or a similar sans-serif font), boldface. Callouts should be 9-point Helvetica, non-boldface. Initially capitalize only the first word of each figure caption and table title. Figures and tables must be numbered separately. For example: “Figure 1. Database contexts”, “Table 1. Input data”. Figure captions are to be below the figures. Table titles are to be centered above the tables.
8. First-order headings
For example, “1. Introduction”, should be Times 12-point boldface, initially capitalized, flush left, with one blank line before, and one blank line after. Use a period (“.”) after the heading number, not a colon.
8.1. Second-order headings
As in this heading, they should be Times 11-point boldface, initially capitalized, flush left, with one blank line before, and one after.
8.1.1. Third-order headings. Third-order headings, as in this paragraph, are discouraged. However, if you must use them, use 10-point Times, boldface, initially capitalized, flush left, preceded by one blank line, followed by a period and your text on the same line.
9. Footnotes
Use footnotes sparingly (or not at all!) and place them at the bottom of the column on the page on which they are referenced. Use Times 8-point type, single-spaced. To help your readers, avoid using footnotes altogether and include necessary peripheral observations in the text (within parentheses, if you prefer, as in this sentence).
10. References
List and number all bibliographical references in 9-point Times, single-spaced, at the end of your paper. When referenced in the text, enclose the citation number in square brackets, for example [1]. Where appropriate, include the name(s) of editors of referenced books.
[1] A.B. Smith, C.D. Jones, and E.F. Roberts, “Article Title”, Journal, Publisher, Location, Date, pp. 1-10.
[2] Jones, C.D., A.B. Smith, and E.F. Roberts, Book Title, Publisher, Location, Date.
Author Guidelines for 8.5x11-inch Proceedings Manuscripts
Author(s) Name(s)
Author Affiliation(s)
Abstract
The abstract is to be in fully-justified italicized text, at the top of the left-hand column as it is here, below the author information. Use the word “Abstract” as the title, in 12-point Times, boldface type, centered relative to the column, initially capitalized. The abstract is to be in 10-point, single-spaced type, and may be up to 3 in. (7.62 cm) long. Leave two blank lines after the abstract, then begin the main text. All manuscripts must be in English.
1. Introduction
These guidelines include complete descriptions of the fonts, spacing, and related information for producing your proceedings manuscripts. Please follow them.
2. Formatting your paper
All printed material, including text, illustrations, and charts, must be kept within a print area of 6-7/8 inches (17.5 cm) wide by 8-7/8 inches (22.54 cm) high. Do not write or print anything outside the print area. All text must be in a two-column format. Columns are to be 3-1/4 inches (8.25 cm) wide, with a 5/16 inch (0.8 cm) space between them. Text must be fully justified.
A format sheet with the margins and placement guides is available in Word as
3. Main title
The main title (on the first page) should begin 1-3/8 inches (3.49 cm) from the top edge of the page, centered, and in Times 14-point, boldface type. Capitalize the first letter of nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs; do not capitalize articles, coordinate conjunctions, or prepositions (unless the title begins with such a word). Leave two blank lines after the title.
4. Author name(s) and affiliation(s)
Author names and affiliations are to be centered beneath the title and printed in Times 12-point, non-boldface type. Multiple authors may be shown in a two- or three-column format, with their affiliations below their respective names. Affiliations are centered below each author name, italicized, not bold. Include e-mail addresses if possible. Follow the author information by two blank lines before main text.
5. Second and following pages
The second and following pages should begin 1.0 inch (2.54 cm) from the top edge. On all pages, the bottom margin should be 1-1/8 inches (2.86 cm) from the bottom edge of the page for 8.5 x 11-inch paper; for A4 paper, approximately 1-5/8 inches (4.13 cm) from the bottom edge of the page.
6. Type-style and fonts
Wherever Times is specified, Times Roman, or New Times Roman may be used. If neither is available on your word processor, please use the font closest in appearance to Times that you have access to. Please avoid using bit-mapped fonts if possible. True-Type 1 fonts are preferred.
7. Main text
Type your main text in 10-point Times, single-spaced. Do not use double-spacing. All paragraphs should be indented 1 pica (approximately 1/6- or 0.17-inch or 0.422 cm). Be sure your text is fully justified—that is, flush left and flush right. Please do not place any additional blank lines between paragraphs.
Figure and table captions should be 10-point Helvetica (or a similar sans-serif font), boldface. Callouts should be 9-point Helvetica, non-boldface. Initially capitalize only the first word of each figure caption and table title. Figures and tables must be numbered separately. For example: “Figure 1. Database contexts”, “Table 1. Input data”. Figure captions are to be below the figures. Table titles are to be centered above the tables.
8. First-order headings
For example, “1. Introduction”, should be Times 12-point boldface, initially capitalized, flush left, with one blank line before, and one blank line after. Use a period (“.”) after the heading number, not a colon.
8.1. Second-order headings
As in this heading, they should be Times 11-point boldface, initially capitalized, flush left, with one blank line before, and one after.
8.1.1. Third-order headings. Third-order headings, as in this paragraph, are discouraged. However, if you must use them, use 10-point Times, boldface, initially capitalized, flush left, preceded by one blank line, followed by a period and your text on the same line.
9. Footnotes
Use footnotes sparingly (or not at all!) and place them at the bottom of the column on the page on which they are referenced. Use Times 8-point type, single-spaced. To help your readers, avoid using footnotes altogether and include necessary peripheral observations in the text (within parentheses, if you prefer, as in this sentence).
10. References
List and number all bibliographical references in 9-point Times, single-spaced, at the end of your paper. When referenced in the text, enclose the citation number in square brackets, for example [1]. Where appropriate, include the name(s) of editors of referenced books.
[1] A.B. Smith, C.D. Jones, and E.F. Roberts, “Article Title”, Journal, Publisher, Location, Date, pp. 1-10.
[2] Jones, C.D., A.B. Smith, and E.F. Roberts, Book Title, Publisher, Location, Date.
Monday, September 6, 2010
MPI LAB MANUAL
JAWAHAR LAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
HYDERABAD
III Year B.Tech. CSE -I Sem T P C
0 3 2
MICROPROCESSORS INTERFACING LAB
I. Microprocessor 8086 :
1. Introduction to MASM/TASM.
2. Arithmetic operation – Multi byte Addition and Subtraction, Multiplication and Division – Signed and unsigned Arithmetic operation, ASCII – arithmetic operation.
3. Logic operations – Shift and rotate – Converting packed BCD to unpacked BCD, BCD to ASCII conversion.
4. By using string operation and Instruction prefix: Move Block, Reverse string, Sorting, Inserting, Deleting, Length of the string, String comparison.
5. DOS/BIOS programming: Reading keyboard (Buffered with and without echo) – Display characters, Strings.
II. Interfacing :
1. 8259 – Interrupt Controller : Generate an interrupt using 8259 timer.
2. 8279 – Keyboard Display : Write a small program to display a string of characters.
3. 8255 – PPI : Write ALP to generate sinusoidal wave using PPI.
4. 8251 – USART : Write a program in ALP to establish Communication between two processors.
III. Microcontroller 8051
1. Reading and Writing on a parallel port.
2. Timer in different modes.
3. Serial communication implementation.
Equipment required for Laboratories:
1. 8086 µP Kits
2. 8051 Micro Controller kits
3. Interfaces/peripheral subsystems
i) 8259 PIC
ii) 8279-KB/Display
iii) 8255 PPI
iv) 8251 USART
4. ADC Interface
5. DAC Interface
6. Traffic Controller Interface
7. Elevator Interface
HYDERABAD
III Year B.Tech. CSE -I Sem T P C
0 3 2
MICROPROCESSORS INTERFACING LAB
I. Microprocessor 8086 :
1. Introduction to MASM/TASM.
2. Arithmetic operation – Multi byte Addition and Subtraction, Multiplication and Division – Signed and unsigned Arithmetic operation, ASCII – arithmetic operation.
3. Logic operations – Shift and rotate – Converting packed BCD to unpacked BCD, BCD to ASCII conversion.
4. By using string operation and Instruction prefix: Move Block, Reverse string, Sorting, Inserting, Deleting, Length of the string, String comparison.
5. DOS/BIOS programming: Reading keyboard (Buffered with and without echo) – Display characters, Strings.
II. Interfacing :
1. 8259 – Interrupt Controller : Generate an interrupt using 8259 timer.
2. 8279 – Keyboard Display : Write a small program to display a string of characters.
3. 8255 – PPI : Write ALP to generate sinusoidal wave using PPI.
4. 8251 – USART : Write a program in ALP to establish Communication between two processors.
III. Microcontroller 8051
1. Reading and Writing on a parallel port.
2. Timer in different modes.
3. Serial communication implementation.
Equipment required for Laboratories:
1. 8086 µP Kits
2. 8051 Micro Controller kits
3. Interfaces/peripheral subsystems
i) 8259 PIC
ii) 8279-KB/Display
iii) 8255 PPI
iv) 8251 USART
4. ADC Interface
5. DAC Interface
6. Traffic Controller Interface
7. Elevator Interface
ADVANCED ENGLISH LAB MANUAL
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
HYDERABAD
III Year B.Tech. CSE -I Sem T P C
0 3 2
ADVANCED ENGLISH COMMUNICATION SKILLS LAB
1. Introduction
The introduction of the English Language Lab is considered essential at 3rd year level. At this stage the students need to prepare themselves for their careers which may require them to listen to, read, speak and write in English both for their professional and interpersonal communication in the globalised context.
The proposed course should be an integrated theory and lab course to enable students to use ‘good’ English and perform the following:
• Gather ideas and information, to organise ideas relevantly and coherently.
• Engage in debates.
• Participate in group discussions.
• Face interviews.
• Write project/research reports/technical reports.
• Make oral presentations.
• Write formal letters.
• Transfer information from non-verbal to verbal texts and vice versa.
• To take part in social and professional communication.
2. Objectives:
This Lab focuses on using computer-aided multimedia instruction for language development to meet the following targets:
• To improve the students’ fluency in English, through a well-developed vocabulary and enable them to listen to English spoken at normal conversational speed by educated English speakers and respond appropriately in different socio-cultural and professional contexts.
• Further, they would be required to communicate their ideas relevantly and coherently in writing.
3. Syllabus:
The following course content is prescribed for the Advanced Communication Skills Lab:
Functional English - starting a conversation – responding appropriately and relevantly – using the right body language – role play in different situations.
Vocabulary building – synonyms and antonyms, word roots, one-word substitutes, prefixes and suffixes, study of word origin, analogy, idioms and phrases.
Group Discussion – dynamics of group discussion , intervention, summarizing, modulation of voice, body language, relevance, fluency and coherence.
Interview Skills – concept and process, pre-interview planning, opening strategies, answering strategies, interview through tele and video-conferencing.
Resume’ writing – structure and presentation, planning, defining the career objective, projecting ones strengths and skill-sets, summary, formats and styles, letter-writing.
Reading comprehension – reading for facts, guessing meanings from context, scanning, skimming, inferring meaning, critical reading.
Technical Report writing – Types of formats and styles, subject matter – organization, clarity, coherence and style, planning, data-collection, tools, analysis.
4. Minimum Requirement:
The English Language Lab shall have two parts:
i) The Computer aided Language Lab for 60 students with 60 systems, one master console, LAN facility and English language software for self- study by learners.
ii) The Communication Skills Lab with movable chairs and audio-visual aids with a P.A System, a T. V., a digital stereo –audio & video system and camcorder etc.
System Requirement ( Hardware component):
Computer network with Lan with minimum 60 multimedia systems with the following specifications:
iii) P – IV Processor
a) Speed – 2.8 GHZ
b) RAM – 512 MB Minimum
c) Hard Disk – 80 GB
iv) Headphones of High quality
5. Suggested Software:
The software consisting of the prescribed topics elaborated above should be procured and used.
Suggested Software:
• Clarity Pronunciation Power – part II
• Oxford Advanced Learner’s Compass, 7th Edition
• DELTA’s key to the Next Generation TOEFL Test: Advanced Skill Practice.
• Lingua TOEFL CBT Insider, by Dreamtech
• TOEFL & GRE( KAPLAN, AARCO & BARRONS, USA, Cracking GRE by CLIFFS)
• The following software from ‘train2success.com’
Preparing for being Interviewed,
Positive Thinking,
Interviewing Skills,
Telephone Skills,
Time Management
Team Building,
Decision making
• English in Mind, Herbert Puchta and Jeff Stranks with Meredith Levy, Cambridge
6. Books Recommended:
1. Effective Technical Communication, M. Ashraf Rizvi, Tata Mc. Graw-Hill Publishing Company Ltd.
2. A Course in English communication by Madhavi Apte, Prentice-Hall of India, 2007.
3. Communication Skills by Leena Sen, Prentice-Hall of India, 2005.
4. Academic Writing- A Practical guide for students by Stephen Bailey, Rontledge Falmer, London & New York, 2004.
5. English Language Communication : A Reader cum Lab Manual Dr A Ramakrishna Rao, Dr G Natanam & Prof SA Sankaranarayanan, Anuradha Publications, Chennai
6. Body Language- Your Success Mantra by Dr. Shalini Verma, S. Chand, 2006.
7. DELTA’s key to the Next Generation TOEFL Test: Advanced Skill Practice, New Age International (P) Ltd., Publishers, New Delhi.
8. Books on TOEFL/GRE/GMAT/CAT by Barron’s/cup
9. IELTS series with CDs by Cambridge University Press.
10. Technical Report Writing Today by Daniel G. Riordan & Steven E. Pauley, Biztantra Publishers, 2005.
11. Basic Communication Skills for Technology by Andra J. Rutherford, 2nd Edition, Pearson Education, 2007.
12. Communication Skills for Engineers by Sunita Mishra & C. Muralikrishna, Pearson Education, 2007.
13. Objective English by Edgar Thorpe & Showick Thorpe, 2nd edition, Pearson Education, 2007.
14. Cambridge Preparation for the TOEFL Test by Jolene Gear & Robert Gear, 4th Edition.
15. Technical Communication by Meenakshi Raman & Sangeeta Sharma, Oxford University Press.
DISTRIBUTION AND WEIGHTAGE OF MARKS:
Advanced Communication Skills Lab Practicals:
1. The practical examinations for the English Language Laboratory practice shall be conducted as per the University norms prescribed for the core engineering practical sessions.
2. For the English Language lab sessions, there shall be a continuous evaluation during the year for 25 sessional marks and 50 End Examination marks. Of the 25 marks, 15 marks shall be awarded for day-to-day work and 10 marks to be awarded by conducting Internal Lab Test(s). The End Examination shall be conducted by the teacher concerned with the help of another member of the staff of the same department of the same institution.
HYDERABAD
III Year B.Tech. CSE -I Sem T P C
0 3 2
ADVANCED ENGLISH COMMUNICATION SKILLS LAB
1. Introduction
The introduction of the English Language Lab is considered essential at 3rd year level. At this stage the students need to prepare themselves for their careers which may require them to listen to, read, speak and write in English both for their professional and interpersonal communication in the globalised context.
The proposed course should be an integrated theory and lab course to enable students to use ‘good’ English and perform the following:
• Gather ideas and information, to organise ideas relevantly and coherently.
• Engage in debates.
• Participate in group discussions.
• Face interviews.
• Write project/research reports/technical reports.
• Make oral presentations.
• Write formal letters.
• Transfer information from non-verbal to verbal texts and vice versa.
• To take part in social and professional communication.
2. Objectives:
This Lab focuses on using computer-aided multimedia instruction for language development to meet the following targets:
• To improve the students’ fluency in English, through a well-developed vocabulary and enable them to listen to English spoken at normal conversational speed by educated English speakers and respond appropriately in different socio-cultural and professional contexts.
• Further, they would be required to communicate their ideas relevantly and coherently in writing.
3. Syllabus:
The following course content is prescribed for the Advanced Communication Skills Lab:
Functional English - starting a conversation – responding appropriately and relevantly – using the right body language – role play in different situations.
Vocabulary building – synonyms and antonyms, word roots, one-word substitutes, prefixes and suffixes, study of word origin, analogy, idioms and phrases.
Group Discussion – dynamics of group discussion , intervention, summarizing, modulation of voice, body language, relevance, fluency and coherence.
Interview Skills – concept and process, pre-interview planning, opening strategies, answering strategies, interview through tele and video-conferencing.
Resume’ writing – structure and presentation, planning, defining the career objective, projecting ones strengths and skill-sets, summary, formats and styles, letter-writing.
Reading comprehension – reading for facts, guessing meanings from context, scanning, skimming, inferring meaning, critical reading.
Technical Report writing – Types of formats and styles, subject matter – organization, clarity, coherence and style, planning, data-collection, tools, analysis.
4. Minimum Requirement:
The English Language Lab shall have two parts:
i) The Computer aided Language Lab for 60 students with 60 systems, one master console, LAN facility and English language software for self- study by learners.
ii) The Communication Skills Lab with movable chairs and audio-visual aids with a P.A System, a T. V., a digital stereo –audio & video system and camcorder etc.
System Requirement ( Hardware component):
Computer network with Lan with minimum 60 multimedia systems with the following specifications:
iii) P – IV Processor
a) Speed – 2.8 GHZ
b) RAM – 512 MB Minimum
c) Hard Disk – 80 GB
iv) Headphones of High quality
5. Suggested Software:
The software consisting of the prescribed topics elaborated above should be procured and used.
Suggested Software:
• Clarity Pronunciation Power – part II
• Oxford Advanced Learner’s Compass, 7th Edition
• DELTA’s key to the Next Generation TOEFL Test: Advanced Skill Practice.
• Lingua TOEFL CBT Insider, by Dreamtech
• TOEFL & GRE( KAPLAN, AARCO & BARRONS, USA, Cracking GRE by CLIFFS)
• The following software from ‘train2success.com’
Preparing for being Interviewed,
Positive Thinking,
Interviewing Skills,
Telephone Skills,
Time Management
Team Building,
Decision making
• English in Mind, Herbert Puchta and Jeff Stranks with Meredith Levy, Cambridge
6. Books Recommended:
1. Effective Technical Communication, M. Ashraf Rizvi, Tata Mc. Graw-Hill Publishing Company Ltd.
2. A Course in English communication by Madhavi Apte, Prentice-Hall of India, 2007.
3. Communication Skills by Leena Sen, Prentice-Hall of India, 2005.
4. Academic Writing- A Practical guide for students by Stephen Bailey, Rontledge Falmer, London & New York, 2004.
5. English Language Communication : A Reader cum Lab Manual Dr A Ramakrishna Rao, Dr G Natanam & Prof SA Sankaranarayanan, Anuradha Publications, Chennai
6. Body Language- Your Success Mantra by Dr. Shalini Verma, S. Chand, 2006.
7. DELTA’s key to the Next Generation TOEFL Test: Advanced Skill Practice, New Age International (P) Ltd., Publishers, New Delhi.
8. Books on TOEFL/GRE/GMAT/CAT by Barron’s/cup
9. IELTS series with CDs by Cambridge University Press.
10. Technical Report Writing Today by Daniel G. Riordan & Steven E. Pauley, Biztantra Publishers, 2005.
11. Basic Communication Skills for Technology by Andra J. Rutherford, 2nd Edition, Pearson Education, 2007.
12. Communication Skills for Engineers by Sunita Mishra & C. Muralikrishna, Pearson Education, 2007.
13. Objective English by Edgar Thorpe & Showick Thorpe, 2nd edition, Pearson Education, 2007.
14. Cambridge Preparation for the TOEFL Test by Jolene Gear & Robert Gear, 4th Edition.
15. Technical Communication by Meenakshi Raman & Sangeeta Sharma, Oxford University Press.
DISTRIBUTION AND WEIGHTAGE OF MARKS:
Advanced Communication Skills Lab Practicals:
1. The practical examinations for the English Language Laboratory practice shall be conducted as per the University norms prescribed for the core engineering practical sessions.
2. For the English Language lab sessions, there shall be a continuous evaluation during the year for 25 sessional marks and 50 End Examination marks. Of the 25 marks, 15 marks shall be awarded for day-to-day work and 10 marks to be awarded by conducting Internal Lab Test(s). The End Examination shall be conducted by the teacher concerned with the help of another member of the staff of the same department of the same institution.
DAA syllabus plan
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
HYDERABAD
III Year B.Tech. CSE -I Sem T P C
4+1* 0 4
DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF ALGORITHMS
UNIT I :
Introduction: Algorithm,Psuedo code for expressing algorithms,Performance Analysis-Space complexity, Time complexity, Asymptotic Notation- Big oh notation, Omega notation, Theta notation and Little oh notation,Probabilistic analysis, Amortized analysis.
UNIT II :
Disjoint Sets- disjoint set operations, union and find algorithms, spanning trees, connected components and biconnected components.
UNIT III :
Divide and conquer: General method , applications-Binary search, Quick sort, Merge sort, Strassen’s matrix multiplication.
UNIT IV :
Greedy method: General method, applications-Job sequencing with dead lines, 0/1 knapsack problem, Minimum cost spanning trees, Single source shortest path problem.
UNIT V :
Dynamic Programming: General method, applications-Matrix chain multiplication, Optimal binary search trees, 0/1 knapsack problem, All pairs shortest path problem,Travelling sales person problem, Reliability design.
UNIT VI :
Backtracking: General method, applications-n-queen problem, sum of subsets problem, graph coloring, Hamiltonian cycles.
UNIT VII :
Branch and Bound: General method, applications - Travelling sales person problem,0/1 knapsack problem- LC Branch and Bound solution, FIFO Branch and Bound solution.
UNIT VIII :
NP-Hard and NP-Complete problems: Basic concepts, non deterministic algorithms, NP - Hard and NPComplete classes, Cook’s theorem.
TEXT BOOKS :
1. Fundamentals of Computer Algorithms, Ellis Horowitz,Satraj Sahni and
Rajasekharam,Galgotia publications pvt. Ltd.
2. Algorithm Design: Foundations, Analysis and Internet examples,
M.T.Goodrich and R.Tomassia,John wiley and sons.
REFERENCES :
1. Introduction to Algorithms, secondedition,T.H.Cormen,C.E.Leiserson,
R.L.Rivest,and C.Stein,PHI Pvt. Ltd./ Pearson Education
2. Introduction to Design and Analysis of Algorithms A strategic approach,
R.C.T.Lee, S.S.Tseng, R.C.Chang and T.Tsai, Mc Graw Hill.
3. Data structures and Algorithm Analysis in C++, Allen Weiss, Second
edition, Pearson education.
4. Design and Analysis of algorithms, Aho, Ullman and Hopcroft,Pearson
education.
5. Algorithms – Richard Johnson baugh and Marcus Schaefer, Pearson
Education
HYDERABAD
III Year B.Tech. CSE -I Sem T P C
4+1* 0 4
DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF ALGORITHMS
UNIT I :
Introduction: Algorithm,Psuedo code for expressing algorithms,Performance Analysis-Space complexity, Time complexity, Asymptotic Notation- Big oh notation, Omega notation, Theta notation and Little oh notation,Probabilistic analysis, Amortized analysis.
UNIT II :
Disjoint Sets- disjoint set operations, union and find algorithms, spanning trees, connected components and biconnected components.
UNIT III :
Divide and conquer: General method , applications-Binary search, Quick sort, Merge sort, Strassen’s matrix multiplication.
UNIT IV :
Greedy method: General method, applications-Job sequencing with dead lines, 0/1 knapsack problem, Minimum cost spanning trees, Single source shortest path problem.
UNIT V :
Dynamic Programming: General method, applications-Matrix chain multiplication, Optimal binary search trees, 0/1 knapsack problem, All pairs shortest path problem,Travelling sales person problem, Reliability design.
UNIT VI :
Backtracking: General method, applications-n-queen problem, sum of subsets problem, graph coloring, Hamiltonian cycles.
UNIT VII :
Branch and Bound: General method, applications - Travelling sales person problem,0/1 knapsack problem- LC Branch and Bound solution, FIFO Branch and Bound solution.
UNIT VIII :
NP-Hard and NP-Complete problems: Basic concepts, non deterministic algorithms, NP - Hard and NPComplete classes, Cook’s theorem.
TEXT BOOKS :
1. Fundamentals of Computer Algorithms, Ellis Horowitz,Satraj Sahni and
Rajasekharam,Galgotia publications pvt. Ltd.
2. Algorithm Design: Foundations, Analysis and Internet examples,
M.T.Goodrich and R.Tomassia,John wiley and sons.
REFERENCES :
1. Introduction to Algorithms, secondedition,T.H.Cormen,C.E.Leiserson,
R.L.Rivest,and C.Stein,PHI Pvt. Ltd./ Pearson Education
2. Introduction to Design and Analysis of Algorithms A strategic approach,
R.C.T.Lee, S.S.Tseng, R.C.Chang and T.Tsai, Mc Graw Hill.
3. Data structures and Algorithm Analysis in C++, Allen Weiss, Second
edition, Pearson education.
4. Design and Analysis of algorithms, Aho, Ullman and Hopcroft,Pearson
education.
5. Algorithms – Richard Johnson baugh and Marcus Schaefer, Pearson
Education
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
III Year B.Tech. CSE -I Sem T P C
4+1* 0 4
Data Communication Systems
Unit I :
INTRODUCTION TO DATA COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKING: Standards Organizations for Data Communications, Layered Network Architecture, Open Systems Interconnection, Data Communications Circuits, Serial and parallel Data Transmission, Data communications Circuit Arrangements, Data communications Networks, Alternate Protocol Suites.
SIGNALS, NOISE, MODULATION, AND DEMODULATION :
Signal Analysis, Electrical Noise and Signal-to-Noise Ratio, Analog Modulation Systems, Information Capacity, Bits, Bit Rate, Baud, and M-ary Encoding, Digital Modulation.
Unit II :
METALLIC CABLE TRANSMISSION MEDIA :
Metallic Transmission Lines, Transverse Electromagnetic Waves, Characteristics of Electromagnetic Waves, Transmission Line Classifications, Metallic Transmission Line Types, Metallic Transmission Line Equivalent Circuit, Wave Propagation on Metallic Transmission Lines, Metallic Transmission Line Losses.
OPTICAL FIBER TRANSMISSION MEDIA :
Advantages of Optical Fiber Cables, Disadvantages of Optical Fiber Cables, Electromagnetic spectrum, Optical Fiber Communications System Block Diagram, Optical Fiber construction, The Physics of Light, Velocity of Propagation, Propagation of Light Through an Optical fiber Cable, Optical Fiber Modes and Classifications, Optical Fiber Comparison, Losses in Optical Fiber Cables, Light sources, Light Detectors, Lasers.
Unit III :
DIGITAL TRANSMISSION :
Pulse Modulation, Pulse code Modulation, Dynamic Range, Signal Voltage –to-Quantization Noise Voltage Ration, Linear Versus Nonlinear PCM Codes, Companding, PCM Line Speed, Delta Modulation PCM and Differential PCM.
MULTIPLEXING AND T CARRIERS :
Time- Division Multiplexing, T1 Digital Carrier System, North American Digital Multiplexing Hierarchy, Digital Line Encoding, T Carrier systems, European Time- Division Multiplexing, Statistical Time – Division Multiplexing, Frame Synchronization, Frequency- Division Multiplexing, Wavelength- Division Multiplexing, Synchronous Optical Network
Unit IV :
WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS :
Electromagnetic Polarization, Rays and Wavefronts, Electromagnetic Radiation, Spherical Wavefront and the Inverse Square Law, wave Attenuation and Absorption, Optical Properties of Radio Waves, Terrestrial Propagation of Electromagnetic Waves, Skip Distance, Free-Space Path Loss, Microwave Communications Systems, Satellite Communications Systems.
Unit V :
TELEPHONE INSTRUMENTS AND SIGNALS:
The Subscriber Loop, Standard Telephone Set, Basic Telephone Call Procedures, Call Progress Tones and Signals, Cordless Telephones, Caller ID, Electronic Telephones, Paging systems.
THE TELEPHONE CIRCUIT:
The Local Subscriber Loop , Telephone Message- Channel Noise and Noise Weighting, Units of Powers Measurement, Transmission Parameters and Private-Line Circuits, Voice-Frequency Circuit Arrangements, Crosstalk.
Unit VI :
CELLULAR TELEPHONE SYSTEMS:
First- Generation Analog Cellular Telephone, Personal Communications system, Second-Generation Cellular Telephone Systems, N-AMPS, Digital Cellular Telephone, Interim Standard, North American Cellular and PCS Summary, Global system for Mobile Communications, Personal Communications Satellite System.
Unit VII:
DATA COMMUNICATIONS CODES, ERROR CONTROL, AND DATA FORMATS:
Data Communications Character Codes, Bar Codes, Error Control, Error Detection, Error Correction, Character Synchronization.
DATA COMMUNICATIONS EQUIPMENT:
Digital Service Unit and Channel Service Unit, Voice- Band Data Communication Modems, Bell Systems- Compatible Voice- Band Modems, Voice- Band Modern Block Diagram, Voice- Band Modem Classifications, Asynchronous Voice-Band Modems, Synchronous Voice-Band Modems, Modem Synchronization, ITU-T Voice- Band Modem Specifications, 56K Modems, Modem Control: The AT Command Set, Cable Modems, Probability of Error and Bit Error Rate.
Unit VIII:
DATA –LINK PROTOCOLS:
Data –Link Protocol Functions, Character –and Bit- Oriented Protocols, Data Transmission Modes, Asynchronous Data – Link Protocols, Synchronous Data – Link Protocols, Synchronous Data – Link Control, High – Level Data – Link Control.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Introduction to Data Communications and Networking, Wayne Tomasi, Pearson Education.
Reference Books
1. Data Communications and Networking, Behrouz A Forouzan, Fourth Edition.TMH.
2. Computer Communications and Networking Technologies, Gallow,
Second Edition Thomson
3. Computer Networking and Internet, Fred Halsll, Lingana Gouda Kulkarni, Fifth Edition, Pearson Education
MPI syllabus plan
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
HYDERABAD
III Year B.Tech. CSE -I Sem T P C
4+1* 0 4
MICROPROCESSORS AND INTERFACING
UNIT-I
An over view of 8085, Architecture of 8086 Microprocessor. Special functions of General purpose registers. 8086 flag register and function of 8086 Flags. Addressing modes of 8086. Instruction set of 8086. Assembler directives, simple programs, procedures, and macros.
UNIT-II
Assembly language programs involving logical, Branch & Call instructions, sorting, evaluation of arithmetic expressions, string manipulation.
UNIT-III
Pin diagram of 8086-Minimum mode and maximum mode of operation. Timing diagram. Memory interfacing to 8086 (Static RAM & EPROM). Need for DMA. DMA data transfer Method. Interfacing with 8237/8257.
UNIT-IV
8255 PPI – various modes of operation and interfacing to 8086. Interfacing Keyboard, Displays, 8279 Stepper Motor and actuators. D/A and A/D converter interfacing.
UNIT-V
Interrupt structure of 8086. Vector interrupt table. Interrupt service routines. Introduction to DOS and BIOS interrupts. 8259 PIC Architecture and interfacing cascading of interrupt controller and its importance.
UNIT-VI
Serial data transfer schemes. Asynchronous and Synchronous data transfer schemes. 8251 USART architecture and interfacing. TTL to RS 232C and RS232C to TTL conversion. Sample program of serial data transfer. Introduction to High-speed serial communications standards, USB.
UNIT-VII
Advanced Micro Processors - Introduction to 80286, Salient Features of 80386, Real and Protected Mode Segmentation & Paging, Salient Features of Pentium, Branch Prediction, Overview of RISC Processors.
UNIT-VIII
8051 Microcontroller Architecture, Register set of 8051, Modes of timer operation, Serial port operation, Interrupt structure of 8051, Memory and I/O interfacing of 8051.
TEXT BOOKS :
1. Advanced microprocessor and Peripherals - A.K.Ray and K.M.Bhurchandi, TMH, 2000.
2. Micro Controllers – Deshmukh, Tata McGraw Hill Edition.
REFERENCES :
1. Micro Processors & Interfacing – Douglas U. Hall, 2007.
2. The 8088 and 8086 Micro Processors – PHI, 4th Edition, 2003.
3. Micro Computer System 8086/8088 Family Architecture, Programming and Design - By Liu and GA Gibson, PHI, 2nd Ed.,
HYDERABAD
III Year B.Tech. CSE -I Sem T P C
4+1* 0 4
MICROPROCESSORS AND INTERFACING
UNIT-I
An over view of 8085, Architecture of 8086 Microprocessor. Special functions of General purpose registers. 8086 flag register and function of 8086 Flags. Addressing modes of 8086. Instruction set of 8086. Assembler directives, simple programs, procedures, and macros.
UNIT-II
Assembly language programs involving logical, Branch & Call instructions, sorting, evaluation of arithmetic expressions, string manipulation.
UNIT-III
Pin diagram of 8086-Minimum mode and maximum mode of operation. Timing diagram. Memory interfacing to 8086 (Static RAM & EPROM). Need for DMA. DMA data transfer Method. Interfacing with 8237/8257.
UNIT-IV
8255 PPI – various modes of operation and interfacing to 8086. Interfacing Keyboard, Displays, 8279 Stepper Motor and actuators. D/A and A/D converter interfacing.
UNIT-V
Interrupt structure of 8086. Vector interrupt table. Interrupt service routines. Introduction to DOS and BIOS interrupts. 8259 PIC Architecture and interfacing cascading of interrupt controller and its importance.
UNIT-VI
Serial data transfer schemes. Asynchronous and Synchronous data transfer schemes. 8251 USART architecture and interfacing. TTL to RS 232C and RS232C to TTL conversion. Sample program of serial data transfer. Introduction to High-speed serial communications standards, USB.
UNIT-VII
Advanced Micro Processors - Introduction to 80286, Salient Features of 80386, Real and Protected Mode Segmentation & Paging, Salient Features of Pentium, Branch Prediction, Overview of RISC Processors.
UNIT-VIII
8051 Microcontroller Architecture, Register set of 8051, Modes of timer operation, Serial port operation, Interrupt structure of 8051, Memory and I/O interfacing of 8051.
TEXT BOOKS :
1. Advanced microprocessor and Peripherals - A.K.Ray and K.M.Bhurchandi, TMH, 2000.
2. Micro Controllers – Deshmukh, Tata McGraw Hill Edition.
REFERENCES :
1. Micro Processors & Interfacing – Douglas U. Hall, 2007.
2. The 8088 and 8086 Micro Processors – PHI, 4th Edition, 2003.
3. Micro Computer System 8086/8088 Family Architecture, Programming and Design - By Liu and GA Gibson, PHI, 2nd Ed.,
CG sylabus
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
HYDERABAD
III Year B.Tech. CSE -I Sem T P C
4+1* 0 4
COMPUTER GRAPHICS
UNIT I :
Introduction, Application areas of Computer Graphics, overview of graphics systems, video-display devices, raster-scan systems, random scan systems, graphics monitors and work stations and input devices
(p.nos 22-90 of text book-1).
UNIT II :
Output primitives : Points and lines, line drawing algorithms, mid-point circle and ellipse algorithms.Filled area primitives: Scan line polygon fill algorithm, boundary-fill and flood-fill algorithms (p.nos 103-123,137- 145,147-150,164-171 of text book-1, p.nos. 72-99 of text book-2).
UNIT III :
2-D geometrical transforms : Translation, scaling, rotation, reflection and shear transformations, matrix representations and homogeneous coordinates, composite transforms, transformations between coordinate systems. (p.nos 204-227 of text book-1).
UNIT IV :
2-D viewing : The viewing pipeline, viewing coordinate reference frame, window to view-port coordinate transformation, viewing functions, Cohen-Sutherland and Cyrus-beck line clipping algorithms, Sutherland –Hodgeman polygon clipping algorithm(p.nos 237-249,257-261 of text book -1, p.nos. 111-126 of text book-2).
UNIT V :
3-D object representation : Polygon surfaces, quadric surfaces, spline representation, Hermite curve, Bezier curve and B-Spline curves, Bezier and B-Spline surfaces. Basic illumination models, polygon rendering methods. (p.nos 324-331,340-342, 347-364, 516-531, 542-546 of text book-1, p.nos 473-529,721-739 of text book-2).
UNIT VI :
3-D Geometric transformations : Translation, rotation, scaling, reflection and shear transformations, composite transformations.
3-D viewing : Viewing pipeline, viewing coordinates, view volume and general projection transforms and clipping (p.nos 427-443, 452-481 of text book -1).
UNIT VII :
Visible surface detection methods : Classification, back-face detection, depth-buffer, scan-line, depth sorting, BSP-tree methods, area sub-division and octree methods(p.nos 489-505 of text book -1, Chapter 15 of of text book-2).
UNIT VIII :
Computer animation : Design of animation sequence, general computer animation functions, raster animation, computer animation languages, key frame systems, motion specifications. ( p.nos 604-616 of text book -1, chapter 21 of text book-2).
TEXT BOOKS :
1. “Computer Graphics C version”, Donald Hearn and M.Pauline Baker, Pearson Education.
2. “Computer Graphics Principles & practice”, second edition in C, Foley, VanDam, Feiner and Hughes, Pearson Education.
REFERENCES :
1. “Computer Graphics”, second Edition, Donald Hearn and M.Pauline Baker, PHI/Pearson Education.
2. “Computer Graphics Second edition”, Zhigand xiang, Roy Plastock, Schaum’s outlines, Tata Mc- Graw hill edition.
3. Procedural elements for Computer Graphics, David F Rogers, Tata Mc Graw hill, 2nd edition.
4. “Principles of Interactive Computer Graphics”, Neuman and Sproul, TMH.
5. Principles of Computer Graphics, Shalini Govil, Pai, 2005, Springer.
6. Computer Graphics, Steven Harrington, TMH
HYDERABAD
III Year B.Tech. CSE -I Sem T P C
4+1* 0 4
COMPUTER GRAPHICS
UNIT I :
Introduction, Application areas of Computer Graphics, overview of graphics systems, video-display devices, raster-scan systems, random scan systems, graphics monitors and work stations and input devices
(p.nos 22-90 of text book-1).
UNIT II :
Output primitives : Points and lines, line drawing algorithms, mid-point circle and ellipse algorithms.Filled area primitives: Scan line polygon fill algorithm, boundary-fill and flood-fill algorithms (p.nos 103-123,137- 145,147-150,164-171 of text book-1, p.nos. 72-99 of text book-2).
UNIT III :
2-D geometrical transforms : Translation, scaling, rotation, reflection and shear transformations, matrix representations and homogeneous coordinates, composite transforms, transformations between coordinate systems. (p.nos 204-227 of text book-1).
UNIT IV :
2-D viewing : The viewing pipeline, viewing coordinate reference frame, window to view-port coordinate transformation, viewing functions, Cohen-Sutherland and Cyrus-beck line clipping algorithms, Sutherland –Hodgeman polygon clipping algorithm(p.nos 237-249,257-261 of text book -1, p.nos. 111-126 of text book-2).
UNIT V :
3-D object representation : Polygon surfaces, quadric surfaces, spline representation, Hermite curve, Bezier curve and B-Spline curves, Bezier and B-Spline surfaces. Basic illumination models, polygon rendering methods. (p.nos 324-331,340-342, 347-364, 516-531, 542-546 of text book-1, p.nos 473-529,721-739 of text book-2).
UNIT VI :
3-D Geometric transformations : Translation, rotation, scaling, reflection and shear transformations, composite transformations.
3-D viewing : Viewing pipeline, viewing coordinates, view volume and general projection transforms and clipping (p.nos 427-443, 452-481 of text book -1).
UNIT VII :
Visible surface detection methods : Classification, back-face detection, depth-buffer, scan-line, depth sorting, BSP-tree methods, area sub-division and octree methods(p.nos 489-505 of text book -1, Chapter 15 of of text book-2).
UNIT VIII :
Computer animation : Design of animation sequence, general computer animation functions, raster animation, computer animation languages, key frame systems, motion specifications. ( p.nos 604-616 of text book -1, chapter 21 of text book-2).
TEXT BOOKS :
1. “Computer Graphics C version”, Donald Hearn and M.Pauline Baker, Pearson Education.
2. “Computer Graphics Principles & practice”, second edition in C, Foley, VanDam, Feiner and Hughes, Pearson Education.
REFERENCES :
1. “Computer Graphics”, second Edition, Donald Hearn and M.Pauline Baker, PHI/Pearson Education.
2. “Computer Graphics Second edition”, Zhigand xiang, Roy Plastock, Schaum’s outlines, Tata Mc- Graw hill edition.
3. Procedural elements for Computer Graphics, David F Rogers, Tata Mc Graw hill, 2nd edition.
4. “Principles of Interactive Computer Graphics”, Neuman and Sproul, TMH.
5. Principles of Computer Graphics, Shalini Govil, Pai, 2005, Springer.
6. Computer Graphics, Steven Harrington, TMH
STM syllabus
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
III Year B.Tech. CSE -I Sem T P C
4+1* 0 4
SOFTWARE TESTING METHODOLOGIES
UNIT I :
Introduction : Purpose of testing, Dichotomies, model for testing, consequences of bugs, taxonomy of bugs
UNIT II :
Flow graphs and Path testing : Basics concepts of path testing, predicates, path predicates and achievable paths, path sensitizing, path instrumentation, application of path testing.
UNIT III :
Transaction Flow Testing : Transaction flows, transaction flow testing techniques. Dataflow testing:-Basics of dataflow testing, strategies in dataflow testing, application of dataflow testing.
UNIT IV :
Domain Testing:-domains and paths, Nice & ugly domains, domain testing, domains and interfaces testing, domain and interface testing, domains and testability.
UNIT V :
Paths, Path products and Regular expressions : Path products & path expression, reduction procedure, applications, regular expressions & flow anomaly detection.
UNIT VI :
Logic Based Testing : Overview, decision tables, path expressions, kv charts, specifications.
UNIT VII :
State, State Graphs and Transition testing : State graphs, good & bad state graphs, state testing, Testability tips.
UNIT VIII :
Graph Matrices and Application : Motivational overview, matrix of graph, relations, power of a matrix, node reduction algorithm, building tools.
Usage of JMeter and Winrunner tools for functional / Regression testing, creation of test script for unattended testing, synchronization of test case, Rapid testing, Performance testing of a data base application and HTTP connection for website access.
TEXT BOOKS :
1. Software Testing techniques - Baris Beizer, Dreamtech, second edition.
2. Software Testing Tools – Dr.K.V.K.K.Prasad, Dreamtech.
REFERENCES :
1. The craft of software testing - Brian Marick, Pearson Education.
2. Software Testing Techniques – SPD(Oreille)
3. Software Testing in the Real World – Edward Kit, Pearson.
4. Effective methods of Software Testing, Perry, John Wiley.
5. Art of Software Testing – Meyers, John Wiley.
FLAT syllabus
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
III Year B.Tech. CSE -I Sem T P C
4+1* 0 4
FORMAL LANGUAGES AND AUTOMATA THEORY
The purpose of this course is to acquaint the student with an overview of the theoretical foundations of computer science from the perspective of formal languages.
• Classify machines by their power to recognize languages.
• Employ finite state machines to solve problems in computing.
• Explain deterministic and non-deterministic machines.
• Comprehend the hierarchy of problems arising in the computer sciences.
UNIT I :
Fundamentals : Strings, Alphabet, Language, Operations, Finite state machine, definitions, finite automaton model, acceptance of strings, and languages, deterministic finite automaton and non deterministic finite
automaton, transition diagrams and Language recognizers.
UNIT II :
Finite Automata : NFA with Î transitions - Significance, acceptance of languages. Conversions and Equivalence : Equivalence between NFA with and without Î transitions, NFA to DFA conversion, minimisation of FSM, equivalence between two FSM’s, Finite Automata with output- Moore
UNIT III :
Regular Languages : Regular sets, regular expressions, identity rules, Constructing finite Automata for a given regular expressions, Conversion of Finite Automata to Regular expressions. Pumping lemma of regular sets, closure properties of regular sets (proofs not required).
UNIT IV :
Grammar Formalism : Regular grammars-right linear and left linear grammars, equivalence between regular linear grammar and FA, inter conversion, Context free grammar, derivation trees, sentential forms.
Right most and leftmost derivation of strings.
UNIT V :
Context Free Grammars : Ambiguity in context free grammars. Minimisation of Context Free Grammars. Chomsky normal form, Greiback normal form, Pumping Lemma for Context Free Languages. Enumeration of properties of CFL (proofs omitted).
UNIT VI :
Push Down Automata : Push down automata, definition, model, acceptance of CFL, Acceptance by final state and acceptance by empty state and its equivalence. Equivalence of CFL and PDA, interconversion. (Proofs not required). Introduction to DCFL and DPDA.
UNIT VII :
Turing Machine : Turing Machine, definition, model, design of TM, Computable functions, recursively enumerable languages. Church’s hypothesis, counter machine, types of Turing machines (proofs not
required).
UNIT VIII
Computability Theory : Chomsky hierarchy of languages, linear bounded automata and context sensitive language, LR(0) grammar, decidability of, problems, Universal Turing Machine, undecidability of posts. Correspondence problem, Turing reducibility, Definition of P and NP problems, NP complete and NP hard problems.
TEXT BOOKS :
1. “Introduction to Automata Theory Languages and Computation”. Hopcroft H.E. and Ullman J. D.
Pearson Education
2. Introduction to Theory of Computation –Sipser 2nd edition Thomson
REFERENCES :
1. Introduction to Computer Theory, Daniel I.A. Cohen, John Wiley.
2. Introduction to languages and the Theory of Computation ,John C Martin, TMH
3. “Elements of Theory of Computation”, Lewis H.P. & Papadimition C.H. Pearson /PHI.
4 Theory of Computer Science – Automata languages and computation -Mishra and Chandrashekaran, 2nd edition, PHI
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